Water Lab

FAO-56 reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop water tools. Methods are published FAO equations; results include all intermediate values.

ETo calculator

BMD / CROPWAT Station:

Rice: AWD check

Read the water level in your field pipe. Below the soil surface is negative (for example −10 cm).

CROPWAT 8.0 Soil Hydrology Reference (.SOI Database)

Volumetric (% v/v) & Gravimetric (% w/w) Field Capacity, Wilting Point, Bulk Density, Infiltration Rate, and Paddy Percolation

Soil Texture	CROPWAT Source	FC (% v/v \| % w/w)	WP (% v/v \| % w/w)	Bulk Density	TAW (mm/m)	Infiltration (mm/hr)	Paddy Percolation (mm/d)
Medium Loam (Doash Soil)	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/MEDIUM.SOI + RED SANDY LOAM.SOI)	28% \| 20%	14% \| 10%	1.40 g/cm³	140 mm/m	12 mm/hr	6 mm/d
Heavy Clay (Etel Soil)	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/HEAVY.SOI + BLACK CLAY SOIL.SOI)	38% \| 30.4%	18% \| 14.4%	1.25 g/cm³	200 mm/m	3.5 mm/hr	3 mm/d
Light Sandy / Sandy Loam (Bele Soil)	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/LIGHT.SOI + RED SANDY.SOI)	18% \| 11.25%	8% \| 5%	1.60 g/cm³	100 mm/m	25 mm/hr	18 mm/d
Silt Loam (Poli Doash - Floodplain)	CROPWAT 8.0 (RED LOAMY.SOI + BARC Floodplain)	32% \| 23.7%	14% \| 10.4%	1.35 g/cm³	180 mm/m	8 mm/hr	5 mm/d

FAO CROPWAT 8.0 Calibrated Crop Coefficients (.CRO Database — 49 Profiles)

Trapezoidal Kc curve (Kc_ini, Kc_dev, Kc_mid, Kc_end), Rooting Depth (Zr), Depletion Fraction (p), and FAO-33 Yield Response (Ky)

Crop	Duration (d)	Kc (Ini / Dev / Mid / End)	Root Zr (m)	Depletion p	Seasonal Ky	Source (.CRO)
ALFALFA-perennial	365d	0.40 / 0.68 / 0.95 / 0.90	1.20 – 1.20 m	0.55	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/ALFALFA0.CRO)
ALFALFA 1 year	225d	0.40 / 0.68 / 0.95 / 0.40	1.20 – 1.20 m	0.55	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/ALFALFA1.CRO)
Artichoke	360d	0.50 / 0.75 / 1.00 / 0.95	0.25 – 0.90 m	0.45	0.8	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/ARTICHOK.CRO)
BANANA 1st year	330d	0.50 / 0.80 / 1.10 / 1.00	0.30 – 0.90 m	0.45	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/BANANA1.CRO)
BANANA 2nd year	240d	1.00 / 1.10 / 1.20 / 1.10	0.90 – 0.90 m	0.45	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/BANANA2.CRO)
Barley	120d	0.30 / 0.72 / 1.15 / 0.25	0.30 – 1.10 m	0.55	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/BARLEY.CRO)
Dry beans	110d	0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.35	0.30 – 0.90 m	0.45	1.15	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/BEANS-DR.CRO)
Green beans	90d	0.50 / 0.78 / 1.05 / 0.90	0.30 – 0.70 m	0.45	1.15	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/BEANS-GR.CRO)
CABBAGE Crucifers	165d	0.70 / 0.88 / 1.05 / 0.95	0.25 – 0.50 m	0.45	0.95	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/CABBAGE.CRO)
CITRUS 70% ca bare	365d	0.70 / 0.68 / 0.65 / 0.70	1.40 – 1.40 m	0.5	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/CITRUS.CRO)
COTTON	195d	0.35 / 0.77 / 1.20 / 0.60	0.30 – 1.40 m	0.65	0.85	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/COTTON.CRO)
Date palms	365d	0.90 / 0.93 / 0.95 / 0.95	2.00 – 2.00 m	0.5	0.8	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/DATEPALM.CRO)
Small Grains	165d	0.30 / 0.70 / 1.10 / 0.30	0.30 – 1.20 m	0.6	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRAINS.CRO)
table grapes	365d	0.30 / 0.57 / 0.85 / 0.45	1.50 – 1.50 m	0.35	0.85	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRAPES-T.CRO)
Wine grapes	365d	0.30 / 0.50 / 0.70 / 0.45	1.50 – 1.50 m	0.45	0.85	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRAPES-W.CRO)
Turf grass cool cl	365d	0.90 / 0.93 / 0.95 / 0.95	0.50 – 0.50 m	0.4	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRASS-C.CRO)
Turf grass warm	365d	0.80 / 0.82 / 0.85 / 0.85	0.50 – 0.50 m	0.5	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRASS-W.CRO)
Groudnut	130d	0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.60	0.30 – 0.80 m	0.45	0.7	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRONDNUT.CRO)
MAIZE (Grain)	125d	0.30 / 0.75 / 1.20 / 0.35	0.30 – 1.00 m	0.55	1.25	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/MAIZE.CRO)
MANGO	365d	0.90 / 1.00 / 1.10 / 0.90	2.00 – 2.00 m	0.6	0.8	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/MANGO.CRO)
MILLET	105d	0.30 / 0.65 / 1.00 / 0.30	0.30 – 1.20 m	0.6	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/MILLET.CRO)
Pasture perennial	365d	0.85 / 0.90 / 0.95 / 0.85	0.80 – 0.80 m	0.5	0.8	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/PASTURE.CRO)
Sweet Peppers	125d	0.60 / 0.82 / 1.05 / 0.90	0.25 – 0.80 m	0.3	1.1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/PEPPER.CRO)
Potato	130d	0.50 / 0.82 / 1.15 / 0.75	0.30 – 0.60 m	0.3	1.1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/POTATO.CRO)
Pulses	110d	0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.35	0.30 – 1.00 m	0.6	0.8	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/PULSES.CRO)
Rice (FAO CROPWAT Standard)	120d	1.10 / 1.15 / 1.20 / 1.05	0.10 – 0.60 m	0.2	1.1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/RICE.CRO)
SORGHUM (Grain)	125d	0.30 / 0.65 / 1.00 / 0.55	0.30 – 1.40 m	0.5	0.9	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SORGHUM.CRO)
Soybean	85d	0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.50	0.30 – 1.00 m	0.6	0.85	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SOYBEAN.CRO)
Sugarbeet	160d	0.35 / 0.77 / 1.20 / 0.70	0.30 – 1.00 m	0.6	1.1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SUGARBET.CRO)
Sugarcane (Ratoon)	365d	0.40 / 0.82 / 1.25 / 0.75	1.50 – 1.50 m	0.65	1.2	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SUGARCAN.CRO)
Sunflower	130d	0.35 / 0.75 / 1.15 / 0.35	0.30 – 1.30 m	0.5	0.95	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SUNFLOWR.CRO)
Sweet Melon	120d	0.50 / 0.78 / 1.05 / 0.75	0.30 – 1.00 m	0.4	1.05	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SW-MELON.CRO)
Tobacco	110d	0.50 / 0.82 / 1.15 / 0.80	0.25 – 0.80 m	0.5	0.9	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/TOBACCO.CRO)
Tomato	145d	0.60 / 0.88 / 1.15 / 0.80	0.25 – 1.00 m	0.4	1.05	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/TOMATO.CRO)
Small Vegetables	95d	0.70 / 0.88 / 1.05 / 0.95	0.25 – 0.60 m	0.45	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/VEGETABL.CRO)
Winter Wheat f.f.	240d	0.70 / 0.92 / 1.15 / 0.25	0.30 – 1.50 m	0.55	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/W-WHEAT.CRO)
Winter Wheat	335d	0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.25	0.30 – 1.50 m	0.55	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/W-WHEATF.CRO)
Spring Wheat	130d	0.30 / 0.72 / 1.15 / 0.30	0.30 – 1.20 m	0.55	1.15	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/WHEAT.CRO)
COTTON (KURN-COTTON)	180d	0.35 / 0.77 / 1.20 / 0.60	0.30 – 1.40 m	0.65	0.85	CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-COTTON.CRO)
Groudnut Kharif (KURN-GRONDNUT KHARIF)	110d	0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.60	0.30 – 0.80 m	0.45	0.7	CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-GRONDNUT KHARIF.CRO)
Groudnut Rabi (KURN-GRONDNUT RABI)	110d	0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.60	0.30 – 0.80 m	0.45	0.7	CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-GRONDNUT RABI.CRO)
Rice (Kurnool Regional)	120d	1.10 / 1.15 / 1.20 / 1.05	0.10 – 0.60 m	0.2	1.1	CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-RICE.CRO)
SORGHUM (Grain) (KURN-SORGHUM-HYV)	127d	0.50 / 0.82 / 1.15 / 0.60	0.30 – 1.00 m	0.5	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-SORGHUM-HYV.CRO)
SORGHUM (Grain) (KURN-SORGHUM)	120d	0.30 / 0.65 / 1.00 / 0.55	0.30 – 1.40 m	0.5	0.9	CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-SORGHUM.CRO)
Sugarcane (Ratoon) (KURN-SUGARCAN)	365d	0.40 / 0.82 / 1.25 / 0.75	1.50 – 1.50 m	0.65	1.2	CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-SUGARCAN.CRO)
MAIZE (Grain)	125d	0.30 / 0.75 / 1.20 / 0.35	0.30 – 1.00 m	0.55	1.25	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/MAIZE.CRO)
SORGHUM (Grain)	125d	0.30 / 0.65 / 1.00 / 0.55	0.30 – 1.40 m	0.5	0.9	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SORGHUM.CRO)
Sugarcane (Ratoon)	365d	0.40 / 0.82 / 1.25 / 0.75	1.50 – 1.50 m	0.65	1.2	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SUGARCAN.CRO)
Winter Wheat f.f.	240d	0.70 / 0.92 / 1.15 / 0.25	0.30 – 1.50 m	0.55	1	CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/W-WHEAT.CRO)

Soil Texture

CROPWAT Source

FC (% v/v | % w/w)

WP (% v/v | % w/w)

Bulk Density

TAW (mm/m)

Infiltration (mm/hr)

Paddy Percolation (mm/d)

Medium Loam (Doash Soil)

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/MEDIUM.SOI + RED SANDY LOAM.SOI)

28% | 20%

14% | 10%

1.40 g/cm³

140 mm/m

12 mm/hr

6 mm/d

Heavy Clay (Etel Soil)

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/HEAVY.SOI + BLACK CLAY SOIL.SOI)

38% | 30.4%

18% | 14.4%

1.25 g/cm³

200 mm/m

3.5 mm/hr

3 mm/d

Light Sandy / Sandy Loam (Bele Soil)

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/LIGHT.SOI + RED SANDY.SOI)

18% | 11.25%

8% | 5%

1.60 g/cm³

100 mm/m

25 mm/hr

18 mm/d

Silt Loam (Poli Doash - Floodplain)

CROPWAT 8.0 (RED LOAMY.SOI + BARC Floodplain)

32% | 23.7%

14% | 10.4%

1.35 g/cm³

180 mm/m

8 mm/hr

5 mm/d

Crop

Duration (d)

Kc (Ini / Dev / Mid / End)

Root Zr (m)

Depletion p

Seasonal Ky

Source (.CRO)

ALFALFA-perennial

365d

0.40 / 0.68 / 0.95 / 0.90

1.20 – 1.20 m

0.55

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/ALFALFA0.CRO)

ALFALFA 1 year

225d

0.40 / 0.68 / 0.95 / 0.40

1.20 – 1.20 m

0.55

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/ALFALFA1.CRO)

Artichoke

360d

0.50 / 0.75 / 1.00 / 0.95

0.25 – 0.90 m

0.45

0.8

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/ARTICHOK.CRO)

BANANA 1st year

330d

0.50 / 0.80 / 1.10 / 1.00

0.30 – 0.90 m

0.45

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/BANANA1.CRO)

BANANA 2nd year

240d

1.00 / 1.10 / 1.20 / 1.10

0.90 – 0.90 m

0.45

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/BANANA2.CRO)

Barley

120d

0.30 / 0.72 / 1.15 / 0.25

0.30 – 1.10 m

0.55

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/BARLEY.CRO)

Dry beans

110d

0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.35

0.30 – 0.90 m

0.45

1.15

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/BEANS-DR.CRO)

Green beans

90d

0.50 / 0.78 / 1.05 / 0.90

0.30 – 0.70 m

0.45

1.15

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/BEANS-GR.CRO)

CABBAGE Crucifers

165d

0.70 / 0.88 / 1.05 / 0.95

0.25 – 0.50 m

0.45

0.95

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/CABBAGE.CRO)

CITRUS 70% ca bare

365d

0.70 / 0.68 / 0.65 / 0.70

1.40 – 1.40 m

0.5

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/CITRUS.CRO)

COTTON

195d

0.35 / 0.77 / 1.20 / 0.60

0.30 – 1.40 m

0.65

0.85

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/COTTON.CRO)

Date palms

365d

0.90 / 0.93 / 0.95 / 0.95

2.00 – 2.00 m

0.5

0.8

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/DATEPALM.CRO)

Small Grains

165d

0.30 / 0.70 / 1.10 / 0.30

0.30 – 1.20 m

0.6

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRAINS.CRO)

table grapes

365d

0.30 / 0.57 / 0.85 / 0.45

1.50 – 1.50 m

0.35

0.85

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRAPES-T.CRO)

Wine grapes

365d

0.30 / 0.50 / 0.70 / 0.45

1.50 – 1.50 m

0.45

0.85

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRAPES-W.CRO)

Turf grass cool cl

365d

0.90 / 0.93 / 0.95 / 0.95

0.50 – 0.50 m

0.4

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRASS-C.CRO)

Turf grass warm

365d

0.80 / 0.82 / 0.85 / 0.85

0.50 – 0.50 m

0.5

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRASS-W.CRO)

Groudnut

130d

0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.60

0.30 – 0.80 m

0.45

0.7

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/GRONDNUT.CRO)

MAIZE (Grain)

125d

0.30 / 0.75 / 1.20 / 0.35

0.30 – 1.00 m

0.55

1.25

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/MAIZE.CRO)

MANGO

365d

0.90 / 1.00 / 1.10 / 0.90

2.00 – 2.00 m

0.6

0.8

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/MANGO.CRO)

MILLET

105d

0.30 / 0.65 / 1.00 / 0.30

0.30 – 1.20 m

0.6

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/MILLET.CRO)

Pasture perennial

365d

0.85 / 0.90 / 0.95 / 0.85

0.80 – 0.80 m

0.5

0.8

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/PASTURE.CRO)

Sweet Peppers

125d

0.60 / 0.82 / 1.05 / 0.90

0.25 – 0.80 m

0.3

1.1

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/PEPPER.CRO)

Potato

130d

0.50 / 0.82 / 1.15 / 0.75

0.30 – 0.60 m

0.3

1.1

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/POTATO.CRO)

Pulses

110d

0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.35

0.30 – 1.00 m

0.6

0.8

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/PULSES.CRO)

Rice (FAO CROPWAT Standard)

120d

1.10 / 1.15 / 1.20 / 1.05

0.10 – 0.60 m

0.2

1.1

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/RICE.CRO)

SORGHUM (Grain)

125d

0.30 / 0.65 / 1.00 / 0.55

0.30 – 1.40 m

0.5

0.9

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SORGHUM.CRO)

Soybean

85d

0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.50

0.30 – 1.00 m

0.6

0.85

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SOYBEAN.CRO)

Sugarbeet

160d

0.35 / 0.77 / 1.20 / 0.70

0.30 – 1.00 m

0.6

1.1

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SUGARBET.CRO)

Sugarcane (Ratoon)

365d

0.40 / 0.82 / 1.25 / 0.75

1.50 – 1.50 m

0.65

1.2

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SUGARCAN.CRO)

Sunflower

130d

0.35 / 0.75 / 1.15 / 0.35

0.30 – 1.30 m

0.5

0.95

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SUNFLOWR.CRO)

Sweet Melon

120d

0.50 / 0.78 / 1.05 / 0.75

0.30 – 1.00 m

0.4

1.05

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SW-MELON.CRO)

Tobacco

110d

0.50 / 0.82 / 1.15 / 0.80

0.25 – 0.80 m

0.5

0.9

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/TOBACCO.CRO)

Tomato

145d

0.60 / 0.88 / 1.15 / 0.80

0.25 – 1.00 m

0.4

1.05

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/TOMATO.CRO)

Small Vegetables

95d

0.70 / 0.88 / 1.05 / 0.95

0.25 – 0.60 m

0.45

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/VEGETABL.CRO)

Winter Wheat f.f.

240d

0.70 / 0.92 / 1.15 / 0.25

0.30 – 1.50 m

0.55

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/W-WHEAT.CRO)

Winter Wheat

335d

0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.25

0.30 – 1.50 m

0.55

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/W-WHEATF.CRO)

Spring Wheat

130d

0.30 / 0.72 / 1.15 / 0.30

0.30 – 1.20 m

0.55

1.15

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/WHEAT.CRO)

COTTON (KURN-COTTON)

180d

0.35 / 0.77 / 1.20 / 0.60

0.30 – 1.40 m

0.65

0.85

CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-COTTON.CRO)

Groudnut Kharif (KURN-GRONDNUT KHARIF)

110d

0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.60

0.30 – 0.80 m

0.45

0.7

CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-GRONDNUT KHARIF.CRO)

Groudnut Rabi (KURN-GRONDNUT RABI)

110d

0.40 / 0.77 / 1.15 / 0.60

0.30 – 0.80 m

0.45

0.7

CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-GRONDNUT RABI.CRO)

Rice (Kurnool Regional)

120d

1.10 / 1.15 / 1.20 / 1.05

0.10 – 0.60 m

0.2

1.1

CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-RICE.CRO)

SORGHUM (Grain) (KURN-SORGHUM-HYV)

127d

0.50 / 0.82 / 1.15 / 0.60

0.30 – 1.00 m

0.5

CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-SORGHUM-HYV.CRO)

SORGHUM (Grain) (KURN-SORGHUM)

120d

0.30 / 0.65 / 1.00 / 0.55

0.30 – 1.40 m

0.5

0.9

CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-SORGHUM.CRO)

Sugarcane (Ratoon) (KURN-SUGARCAN)

365d

0.40 / 0.82 / 1.25 / 0.75

1.50 – 1.50 m

0.65

1.2

CROPWAT 8.0 (KURN-SUGARCAN.CRO)

MAIZE (Grain)

125d

0.30 / 0.75 / 1.20 / 0.35

0.30 – 1.00 m

0.55

1.25

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/MAIZE.CRO)

SORGHUM (Grain)

125d

0.30 / 0.65 / 1.00 / 0.55

0.30 – 1.40 m

0.5

0.9

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SORGHUM.CRO)

Sugarcane (Ratoon)

365d

0.40 / 0.82 / 1.25 / 0.75

1.50 – 1.50 m

0.65

1.2

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/SUGARCAN.CRO)

Winter Wheat f.f.

240d

0.70 / 0.92 / 1.15 / 0.25

0.30 – 1.50 m

0.55

CROPWAT 8.0 (FAO/W-WHEAT.CRO)